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Gary Patronek

VMD, PhD, Policy and Research Consultant

Gary Patronek Head ShotDr. Patronek is currently working as an independent consultant. In the past, he has worked in private practice and shelter medicine, among others. Dr. Patronek is the former Vice President of Animal Welfare at the Animal Rescue League of Boston, where he helped develop the Center for Shelter Dogs. He was a founding board member of the Association of Shelter Veterinarians and the Massachusetts Animal Coalition. Dr. Patronek is a former scientific advisor to the National Council for Pet Population Study and Policy. He was also the first Agnes Varis University Chair in Science and Society at Tufts University and the second Director of the Tufts Center for Animals and Public Policy. Dr. Patronek established the interdisciplinary Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium (HARC) at Tufts, the work of which was instrumental in the listing of animal hoarding under the criteria for the new hoarding disorder in DSM-5 (Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).

Dr. Patronek has published many journal articles on the topics of epidemiology, animal sheltering, animal hoarding, animal welfare, and pet populations, among others. He has also edited books and book chapters, including the Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal Shelters. In 2015, Dr. Patronek and two colleagues completed Animal Maltreatment: Forensic Mental Health Issues and Evaluations, the first book to provide an overview of animal maltreatment as a legal, clinical, and forensic issue.

Dr. Patronek earned his Veterinary Medical Doctor from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. He obtained his PhD in Epidemiology at Purdue University where he was one of the first scientists to study pet relinquishment to shelters

Dr. Patronek brings his experience in epidemiology, animal sheltering and animal welfare to National Canine Research Council, where he has been a Policy and Research Consultant since 2014.

Contributions by Gary Patronek

Saving Normal: A new look at behavioral incompatibilities and dog relinquishment to shelters

This 2021 paper by Patronek et al. critically examines a core assumption in animal sheltering, that certain dog behaviors predict relinquishment and therefore justify the use of shelter-based behavior evaluations. Through a review of existing studies, the authors find little scientific support for the belief that behaviors often labeled as “problems” cause large numbers of dogs to be surrendered. Only two studies to date have assessed behavior as a risk factor by comparing relinquished dogs to a representative control group of dogs living in homes. Even those showed weak and inconsistent results. The authors also highlight methodological flaws in how relinquishment reasons are reported and categorized, which often inflate the perceived role of behavior by grouping diverse behavioral issues together while separating other factors into more granular categories. The authors find that many dogs living successfully in homes exhibit the same behaviors often cited as reasons for surrender and that owner satisfaction remains high despite them. These findings challenge the rationale for using behavior evaluations as gatekeeping tools and call for a reassessment of shelter practices focused on a more evidence-based and humane understanding of human-dog relationships.

What is the evidence for reliability and validity of behavior evaluations for shelter dogs? A prequel to “No better than flipping a coin.”

This 2019 review by Patronek et al. of studies claiming to validate or support the reliability of canine behavior evaluations used in animal shelters is the most comprehensive review to date. Their findings are unequivocal: no current evaluation demonstrates the scientific rigor necessary to justify its use for predicting individual dog behavior or guiding high-stakes outcomes. Through detailed analysis of 17 peer-reviewed studies, the authors show that meaningful inter-rater, test-retest, and inter-shelter reliability is largely absent, and that claims of validity—whether construct, convergent, or predictive—are weak, methodologically flawed, or based on misunderstood statistical concepts. They clarify key distinctions between predictive validity (correlations at the group level) and predictive ability (accuracy for individuals), exposing how inflated expectations for behavior tests persist despite high false-positive rates and poor real-world applicability. They argue that without strong, replicable evidence of both reliability and validity across shelter contexts, behavior evaluations lack the scientific foundation required for determining dogs’ fates and should not be used as such.